HUMAN EVOLUTION INDUCED ANIMAL
Effective Puccinini Patricia artistic recreation of interpreting the creation of a creature in the laboratory (see interview at the end of the article) © Patricia Piccinini
Makes approximately 15,000 to 10,000 years, humans began to domesticate animals. This event represented the first genetic activity outside the natural evolutionary process.
Humanity, for its own sake, began to select and play animals looking for more favorable characteristics. So, looked docile creatures for food provided easily without having to hunt for work stress or load, for company ...
Humanity, for its own sake, began to select and play animals looking for more favorable characteristics. So, looked docile creatures for food provided easily without having to hunt for work stress or load, for company ...
Cats abnormally huge cross product to get this feature
As the centuries passed, many of these species were modified or transformations that were away and differentiating its original predecessor. The best known case is the wolf that due to intervention man, moved to what is commonly known as a dog.
A dog which was also conceived with the pursuit of gigantism
Today genetic engineering is offering large advances to reconsidered ethical reflection. No further expect the presence of spontaneous mutations to cause them or preserve them in new generations ... Now you can create artificially, but what we carry genetic manipulation?, Should we create life outside the natural evolution?, And will there be consequences?
On a farm the gene for gigantism may be interesting to get more output?
A MUTANT WORLD: THE GENETIC ACCIDENT
On more occasions than we can think of spontaneously occurring genetic changes in living things. Although these mutations have carved a better adaptation to livelihood, have also produced aberrations that our eyes can become monstrous. Many of these creatures offer features so severe that fortunately did not survive beyond a few weeks.
On more occasions than we can think of spontaneously occurring genetic changes in living things. Although these mutations have carved a better adaptation to livelihood, have also produced aberrations that our eyes can become monstrous. Many of these creatures offer features so severe that fortunately did not survive beyond a few weeks.
genetic deformities that produce monstrous creatures
Isaac Asimov, renowned writer and scientist, explained that these mutations are due to many environmental factors , including the fact that our planet is subjected to large numbers of radiation. This has been crucial for the existence of a rich biodiversity in our world.
play is being sought white descendants of the deceased gorilla Snowflake , but today there are no results
mutations sometimes have attracted the attention of man, which has led to its continuation in plant and animal. Thus, we "created" new breeds or varieties that come from an initial mutation.
The Sphynx breed is produced as a result of a mutation appeared in an Indian village in the U.S. during the 19th century. Originally these cats were killed because they were considered monsters, something very different from today they are considered 'highly prized by his lack of hair
BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE ARTIFICIAL MODIFICATION OF LIVING
The Homo sapiens always the best animals cross between different varieties and combination of which was convenient features to achieve improvements in food and agriculture.
The Homo sapiens always the best animals cross between different varieties and combination of which was convenient features to achieve improvements in food and agriculture.
A step further: Like the Sphynx cat , has succeeded in selecting a breed of hen without feathers, which expedites the process of food production for
is not news that biotechnology could be used for reproduction in the field of animal husbandry. Artificial insemination has been around for over 50 years. Both in animals and fish, and even in crops used forms of genetic manipulation which do not involve direct modification of genes.
Before we referred to the dog as an example of genetic evolution by human intervention. Then we will delve into the latest scientific findings on the subject.
The man created his best friend?
Through the analysis of 13,000 dog DNA samples, a team International researchers discovered what are the genetic basis of diversity of physical and behavioral characteristics between different breeds of dogs.
Before we referred to the dog as an example of genetic evolution by human intervention. Then we will delve into the latest scientific findings on the subject.
The man created his best friend?
Through the analysis of 13,000 dog DNA samples, a team International researchers discovered what are the genetic basis of diversity of physical and behavioral characteristics between different breeds of dogs.
approximately 15000 years ago was a friendly man who has determined that the dog
Scientists have succeeded in identifying the locations in the dog's DNA that contain genes that are thought to contribute to differences in body and skull shape, weight, color and length of hair and possibly even behavior, trainability and longevity.
The more than 350 distinct breeds that make up the population current dog came from selective breeding, when the dogs diverged from wolves more than 15,000 years ago.
The more than 350 distinct breeds that make up the population current dog came from selective breeding, when the dogs diverged from wolves more than 15,000 years ago.
This selective breeding produced dogs with physical and behavioral characteristics that are tailored to the needs or desires of their masters, and their ability to monitor the herd or hunt, hair color, and size and body shape and skull.
(information science journal DNA )
Another example known to scientists and hobbyists: Cynotilapia
afra
A study by J. Todd Streelman, assistant professor of biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, suggests that humans may have accelerated the evolution of a species of fish, Cynotilapia afra.
(information science journal DNA )
Another example known to scientists and hobbyists: Cynotilapia
afra
A study by J. Todd Streelman, assistant professor of biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, suggests that humans may have accelerated the evolution of a species of fish, Cynotilapia afra.
This fish is well known to biologists for their rapid rate of evolution. While some animals it takes thousands of years to form a new species, it is estimated that Lake Malawi cichlids of Africa have formed 1,000 new species in only 500,000 years, which in evolutionary terms is an amazing speed.
In the 1960's, an exporter of fish contributed, without being conscious of it, to the evolutionary explosion when he introduced individuals of the species Cynotilapia afra in Lake Thumbi West Island. In 1983, the species remained static, but in 2001, when Streelman, then an active member of the University of New Hampshire, Durham, and his colleagues went to the island, they found the fish had evolved into two genetically distinct varieties in less 20.
In the 1960's, an exporter of fish contributed, without being conscious of it, to the evolutionary explosion when he introduced individuals of the species Cynotilapia afra in Lake Thumbi West Island. In 1983, the species remained static, but in 2001, when Streelman, then an active member of the University of New Hampshire, Durham, and his colleagues went to the island, they found the fish had evolved into two genetically distinct varieties in less 20.
"This is a great example of human-induced evolution in action," said Streelman . "It adds to a growing list of cases, including introduced salmon, flies and plants, in which human intervention has resulted in a contemporary evolution on scales we've not seen before. "
The fish have evolved in different populations with different genetic color, some in the north of the island and the other in the south, said Streelman. The color patterns are important in cichlid mate choice, so these distinct markings may promote the evolution of new species.
precisely this fish is very popular with fans
Cichlids How favors, and how long it entails, are questions that Streelman is eager to answer:
"It could be that we had a new species in 20 years, although this depends on many factors. Anyway, have a wonderful opportunity to follow the evolutionary trajectory of these populations in the short term. We plan to return to the island in July to do further study, "said . "Thumbi West will be a valuable place to work the next few years."
"Genetic engineering? Genetic Design "? Genetic Manipulation? Although very popular in terms most really know its meaning
This is a time of great change. Occasionally we hear about events whose complexity is beyond our knowledge. There is talk that we are experiencing an information revolution, along with a genetic revolution. It has got to draw the human genetic map through the ambitious Genome Project, replicas have been cloned animals are transferring genes between species in what we call transgenic embryos are being created through a genetic screening ... But what exactly is genetic engineering?
Internet spread in the "joke" of the sale of these pets genetic ... but what really happen someday?
What makes up the Laws of Mendel?
The Laws of Mendel are a set of basic rules on transfer by inheritance of characteristics from parents to their bodies bodies descendants (children and grandchildren). Rules are considered more than laws, they are not satisfied in all cases and there are exceptions, as when the genes are linked, ie, are on the same chromosome, where they met (dominant genes and recessive genes). These basic rules of inheritance are the basis of genetic . The laws are derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in the year 1865 and 1866, but was ignored for a long time until its rediscovery in 1900 .
The Laws of Mendel are a set of basic rules on transfer by inheritance of characteristics from parents to their bodies bodies descendants (children and grandchildren). Rules are considered more than laws, they are not satisfied in all cases and there are exceptions, as when the genes are linked, ie, are on the same chromosome, where they met (dominant genes and recessive genes). These basic rules of inheritance are the basis of genetic . The laws are derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in the year 1865 and 1866, but was ignored for a long time until its rediscovery in 1900 .
What are genes and where they are? There
genes in all that is alive, or that he was alive. Genes exist in humans, flies, ham, tomato, bacteria etc. A 200 g steak contains genes 750,000,000,000,000.
genes in all that is alive, or that he was alive. Genes exist in humans, flies, ham, tomato, bacteria etc. A 200 g steak contains genes 750,000,000,000,000.
A gene is a code that governs our physical and our characteristics. There are, for example, genes that decide whether we have blue or brown eyes. Half of our genes are inherited from the mother and half from the father.
The plants also have genes. They decide the color of the flowers and plant height can be achieved. As in people, the characteristics of a plant will be transferred to their "children": the seeds grow and become new plants.
What is genetic modification?
Genetic modification alters the genes and, consequently, the characteristics of the individual. It is possible, for example, genetically modified strawberries to stay fresh longer, and rice can be genetically modified to contain more vitamin value.
What is genetic modification?
Genetic modification alters the genes and, consequently, the characteristics of the individual. It is possible, for example, genetically modified strawberries to stay fresh longer, and rice can be genetically modified to contain more vitamin value.
DNA genes is modified when you change your chain
When scientists genetically engineered a plant, introducing a foreign gene into the plant's own genes. May be, for example, a gene from a bacterium resistant to the pesticide. As a result, the GM plant inherits the features contained in the genetic code, and is also suitable to withstand pesticides.
With genetic modification is possible to transfer genes from one species to another. This is because all the genes, both human and plant, animal or bacteria are created from the same material. Genetic scientists thus have a huge amount of genetic characteristics to choose from.
With genetic modification is possible to transfer genes from one species to another. This is because all the genes, both human and plant, animal or bacteria are created from the same material. Genetic scientists thus have a huge amount of genetic characteristics to choose from.
Incredibly, scientists test random exchange of genes between species live to see what features can produce ... In the picture you can see two embryos, dog and elephant, respectively
How do we know whether the genetic modification was successful?
can rarely see at a glance whether a plant or animal has been genetically modified. Scientists develop, for this some techniques that will be helpful.
can rarely see at a glance whether a plant or animal has been genetically modified. Scientists develop, for this some techniques that will be helpful.
In most genetic experiments are difficult to define which was the result. This little monkey has insect genes that are not visible
For example, there is a special color test to identify whether a plant is genetically modified. When the plant is genetically modified, the scientists inserted a "marker gene" cool on the ground. The marker gene may have different characteristics, for example, changing color of the plant when exposed to a chemical test.
Thus, scientists can identify whether the plant was genetically modified or not by performing a chemical test and checking the color of the plant.
What is the difference between genetic modification and the traditional?
Long before discovering the genetic modification, the farmers improve their crops through what we now call "traditional procedure."
The procedure is the crossroads of the best examples, older, prettier or more delicious a certain kind to one another, so as to obtain a plant or animal even better, bigger, prettier or more delicious.
Thus, scientists can identify whether the plant was genetically modified or not by performing a chemical test and checking the color of the plant.
What is the difference between genetic modification and the traditional?
Long before discovering the genetic modification, the farmers improve their crops through what we now call "traditional procedure."
The procedure is the crossroads of the best examples, older, prettier or more delicious a certain kind to one another, so as to obtain a plant or animal even better, bigger, prettier or more delicious.
A striking example of genetic traditional procedure: the mating between a lion and a tiger get called crossing liger
In traditional procedure, genes are transferred from one plant to another. This is also the case of genetic modification, but the way it is very different.
Genetic modification is a more precise technique, which can be precise in the transfer characteristics desired. In the traditional procedure, however, can not avoid the possibility of transfer of other features.
Genetic modification is a more precise technique, which can be precise in the transfer characteristics desired. In the traditional procedure, however, can not avoid the possibility of transfer of other features.
The popular Carassius auratus or goldfish, is another good example of the traditional procedure . This fish, which was obtained for a thousand years in China through cross-breeding, is still currently under investigation because it produces many shapes, colors and sizes (in the pictures may be)
In the traditional procedure characteristics can only be exchanged between identical or very similar species. In genetic modification features can be transferred from one species to another quite different, and so is between plants and animals.
The GM occurs faster than the traditional procedure.
The GM occurs faster than the traditional procedure.
A recreation of genetic modification of Carassius auratus where we can imagine a combination of genes of the fish with the dog. The modification allows genetic unlike the traditional method the mixture of DNA from different walks of life
What other ways can be altered genes?
The spontaneous alteration of genes occurs naturally, and sometimes without any efficacy. A spontaneous alteration may lead to the development of positive and negative characteristics. The method is not very suitable if the intention is to create specific changes.
The spontaneous alteration of genes occurs naturally, and sometimes without any efficacy. A spontaneous alteration may lead to the development of positive and negative characteristics. The method is not very suitable if the intention is to create specific changes.
Once it has been genetically produced an animal or plant, is analyzed to learn more about the results or changes
Radiation and chemicals can be used to carry the genetic alteration. Both elements are used in processing plants.
In the traditional plant and animal crossing very identical. May be corn and turnips round or a horse and a donkey. Thus, various combinations of genes occur in the offspring. Specimens with desirable characteristics are selected over several generations. Crops and livestock we see today are the result of the traditional procedure.
Everything can be genetically modified? Yes
In principle, any living thing can be modified genetically: people, animals, plants and bacteria.
In other words, it is possible to transfer characteristics of a fish to a strawberry. But the more different species, the more difficult. The easiest is to modify genetically similar species.
All these animals have been transferred to a known gene that produces bioluminescent jellyfish phosphorescence light
Not all characteristics can be transferred. Some features occur only by the interaction between many genes. Scientists rarely have a full enough view of this interaction so that it can recreate.
MODIFIED LABORATORY ANIMALS
The enormous progress in biotechnology research in recent years has encouraged the development of techniques to introduce, remove or modify specifically a gene, or certain types of genes in genome of an organism to produce living things (animals, plants and microorganisms) with new and improved features. Such techniques, fall within what is called Genetic Engineering and living beings thus obtained are called Genetically Modified Organisms .
MODIFIED LABORATORY ANIMALS
The enormous progress in biotechnology research in recent years has encouraged the development of techniques to introduce, remove or modify specifically a gene, or certain types of genes in genome of an organism to produce living things (animals, plants and microorganisms) with new and improved features. Such techniques, fall within what is called Genetic Engineering and living beings thus obtained are called Genetically Modified Organisms .
Lemur Cat * : Mixed lemur and cat gene. China's new rich have become the pet fashion show
opulence 
There are only 3 dolions * (lion dog) and live in the laboratory. The photo above is from Rexo
The graisin * (giant grapes) is a variety that has been modified to grow in huge proportions
The fern spider * is unique on this list because it is the only combination genetics of plants and animals. The spider is a cross between a tarantula and ponga fern (Cyathea dealbata ). The purpose of this foreign trip was to study the survival rates of spiders with camouflage versus those without a series of studies on Natural Selection at Massey University in New Zealand.
* After checking several comments , warning about the evidence of fake images, Illustrative this information is true or real . No censorship is false because it is an example of that creativity sometimes Internet Information intoxicated. We appreciate readers' ads show the fallacy of
Transgenic mice
.
The transgenesis is a biotechnological process by introducing a foreign gene (transgene) into the genome of a living. In the transgenesis is intended that the transgene is integrated into the germ line (gametes) in a stable manner, thereby ensuring that the new incorporated gene can be inherited by offspring.
mice were the first animals in which transgenesis is achieved. In 1981, Gordon and Ruddle showed stable integration and transmission (through the germ line) genes injected into mouse pronuclei of zygotes obtained by in-vitro fertilization. " In 1982, Palmiter et al. giant transgenic mice were obtained by injecting the pronucleus of a zygote of a mouse gene encoding rat growth hormone. These same researchers also obtained giant transgenic mice when the transgene introduced encoding growth hormone was of human origin.
A transgene is a DNA construct that contains: a sequence that encodes a specific protein that contributes the desired genetic improvement (exon), a region that gives this ability to express sequence (promoter) and a series insulating and regulatory sequences that protect and modulate the expression of the introduced gene.
To get a good expression of the gene of interest is necessary to include all sequences that modulate its expression, so you need a vector that supports large transgenes. To this end, genomic transgenes have been developed, based on yeast artificial chromosomes, and bacteria that are capable of carrying large DNA fragments which can include all gene regulatory elements. These transgenes are BACs and YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes, respectively).
The techniques used for producing transgenic animals are:
1. Microinjection transgenes pronuclear pronuclei of fertilized eggs (zygotes). Viral vectors, transfected cells that integrated into the genome previously modified them (recombinant virus).
2. exogenous DNA transfer mediated by sperm during fertilization (SMGT, "spermmediated gene transfer").
3. injection in the cavity of blastocysts, embryonic stem cell (ES "cells", "embrionic stem cells") and / or embryonic germ cells (EG, embrionic germ cells), previously genetically modified by the technique of "gene targeting.
4. nuclear transfer (NT, "nuclear transfer") with somatic cells, ES or ED which have previously been genetically modified.
In Argentina, the group of scientists from the Institute for Research on Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology (INGEBI), under the National Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), have also developed a transgenic mouse, called TH-Cre. The TH-Cre has altered brain systems in a way that mimics neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHE, for its acronym in English) and schizophrenia.
Mouse Knockout and Knockin
Mouse Knockout and Knockin
Most techniques used for introducing exogenous DNA into cells that produce a random integration into the cellular genome of the introduced DNA. The technique of "gene targeting" generates a directed genetic modification, targeted and controlled based on the introduction or deletion of DNA in specific places in the genome, using homologous recombination of these sequences foreign DNA with the native genes.
This technique requires the use of embryonic stem cells (ES "cells", "embrionic stem cells") which are pluripotent and that once GM, are injected into blastocysts to generate mosaic or chimeric individuals, ie it contains cell populations derived from genetically distinct individuals, whether of the same or a different one.
This technique requires the use of embryonic stem cells (ES "cells", "embrionic stem cells") which are pluripotent and that once GM, are injected into blastocysts to generate mosaic or chimeric individuals, ie it contains cell populations derived from genetically distinct individuals, whether of the same or a different one.
types of genetic modifications that can be obtained by "gene targeting" are
Knockouts or gene inactivation: blocks the expression of a particular gene (eliminating a portion of it or introducing a mutation in their sequence that prevents its translation), resulting in gene inactivation and generating a knockout animal. This animal can study what happens when you delete a particular gene and thus know their role.
Knockins : whether to introduce a mutation in a gene or a gene is replaced by another.
Sometimes the introduced genetic modification can cause embryo lethality. To avoid this, you can control the expression of genetic modification introduced in place and time:
The mouse is the closest model organism to humans in which this technique can be performed easily, especially where issues related to genetic human physiology. The application of this technique in rats is much more difficult and has only been achieved after 2003.
p27 knockout mouse (agouti) is larger than the control mice (white) because the size of the skeleton is increased.
Scientists Mario R. Capecchi [USA], Martin J. Evans [UK] and Oliver Smithies [USA] have received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery the procedure to generate strains of mice in which a given gene is modified by the use of embryonic stem cells.
currently available versions of knockout mice of about 10,000 genes, of which about 500 are animal models of human diseases.
The mouse is the closest model organism to humans in which this technique can be performed easily, especially where issues related to genetic human physiology. The application of this technique in rats is much more difficult and has only been achieved after 2003.
p27 knockout mouse (agouti) is larger than the control mice (white) because the size of the skeleton is increased.
Scientists Mario R. Capecchi [USA], Martin J. Evans [UK] and Oliver Smithies [USA] have received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery the procedure to generate strains of mice in which a given gene is modified by the use of embryonic stem cells.
currently available versions of knockout mice of about 10,000 genes, of which about 500 are animal models of human diseases.
This mouse combines human genes for research into the creation of bodies: in the back can see a human ear
Patricia Piccinini: HYPER-REALISTIC ART REFLECTING
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
occasion of the exhibition at the Australian artist Patricia Piccinini, "(tender) creatures" was successfully Artium October 4 to January 27, 2008, there was a great interview that I offer an excerpt (the complete interview can be found at the website of the room Artium). Illustrating our article on genetic pets have decided to give you to know this unique artist, whose work is influenced by original concepts of biotechnology. His works are unique and it is unforgivable if it does not enjoy exposure to our city.
Interview Excerpt Patricia Piccinini
Author: Laura Fernandez
translation: Francisco Torres
Posted: Artium
Adaptation AquaFlash
Author: Laura Fernandez
translation: Francisco Torres
Posted: Artium
Adaptation AquaFlash
1. in your work can be a bestiary of creatures biotech unclassifiable ... To create this amazing artificial world, there is no doubt that besides having a great imaginative power also has some scientific knowledge. Could you comment on how and when born your interest in this discipline? Is this what inspires you when working? What other sources have influenced you?
is difficult to know where ideas come from, just happen. Usually, an idea cooked for a while, even years, and sometimes simply vanishes, but sometimes you want to grow bones and walk.
(...) (...) am not committed to any particular discipline, nor do I have illusions of omnipotence. For me the most spurious of some types of science is that scientists appear to be very safe, even in spite of being wrong. I marvel at many of the things I hear, but at the same time, I often wonder why someone might want to do that. I am sure many scientists would ask the same to hear what I do ...
(...) However, and this may sound very strange, so I'm not really interested in science itself and the impact has on people. I think my creatures are actually more mythological than scientific. Chimeras are constructed to tell stories that explain the world in which I live and I can not fully understand or control. Like most myths, often moral stories.
is difficult to know where ideas come from, just happen. Usually, an idea cooked for a while, even years, and sometimes simply vanishes, but sometimes you want to grow bones and walk.
(...) (...) am not committed to any particular discipline, nor do I have illusions of omnipotence. For me the most spurious of some types of science is that scientists appear to be very safe, even in spite of being wrong. I marvel at many of the things I hear, but at the same time, I often wonder why someone might want to do that. I am sure many scientists would ask the same to hear what I do ...
(...) However, and this may sound very strange, so I'm not really interested in science itself and the impact has on people. I think my creatures are actually more mythological than scientific. Chimeras are constructed to tell stories that explain the world in which I live and I can not fully understand or control. Like most myths, often moral stories.
2. Australia is a country with a devastated environment during colonization, and currently has a very sensitive environmental awareness and active. How important do you think your work has had on your Australian home when choosing the topics you develop? To what extent do you consider yourself an artist committed to these issues? (...)
Australia has a particular ecology and fascinating, with many unique animals. The non-Australian public is generally willing to believe that there can really be any kind of creature fabulous, and I took advantage of that.
(...) In this work uses the specificity of a special circumstance of Australia to highlight more general issues, both eco-loss of species and habitats-and subjective-good intentions and hubris.
Australia has a particular ecology and fascinating, with many unique animals. The non-Australian public is generally willing to believe that there can really be any kind of creature fabulous, and I took advantage of that.
(...) In this work uses the specificity of a special circumstance of Australia to highlight more general issues, both eco-loss of species and habitats-and subjective-good intentions and hubris.
(...) My real interest is in seeing how the conceptual and ethical issues become emotional realities of work. I think my work is the emotional dimension that alters the implications are rational.
This can be seen in Undivided , which has again the surrogate , this time curled up in bed with a child. There is a strange combination of innocence and something disturbing about this sculpture, with the child in pajamas and bare the child. The child seems to feel completely at ease with the surrogate as if it were their pet. However, most of the public that is uncomfortable proximity. Most of us accept with pleasure the idea of \u200b\u200ba creature produced artificially to aid endangered species, but do not feel so comfortable with the idea of \u200b\u200bphysical proximity.
This can be seen in Undivided , which has again the surrogate , this time curled up in bed with a child. There is a strange combination of innocence and something disturbing about this sculpture, with the child in pajamas and bare the child. The child seems to feel completely at ease with the surrogate as if it were their pet. However, most of the public that is uncomfortable proximity. Most of us accept with pleasure the idea of \u200b\u200ba creature produced artificially to aid endangered species, but do not feel so comfortable with the idea of \u200b\u200bphysical proximity.
3. Since the beginning of your career has carried out several projects that always lies a clear intention: to question and open the debate on fundamental aspects of bioethics, the scope and limits of biotechnology, its unpredictable consequences, who has access to these developments ... are undoubtedly uncomfortable issues. How do you react to your work with the scientific community who have collaborated on some projects?
Actually, my work seems to me the work from a secular point of view and, in general, I am more interested to see how he responds to ordinary people the scientific community. That said, scientific and bioethical writers often ask me for permission to use images of some of my creatures in their texts.
(...) I think if my work affects people is because it raises questions about fundamental aspects of our existence, our artificiality, our animals, our responsibility for our creations, our children and our environment-and these issues should be easy to answer, but are not. I love it when people argue about what the job is that when they begin to analyze issues from many points of view. I love to see how a person moves from an initial attitude of disgust the strangeness of my creations to an attitude of understanding and sympathy. I love when people realize that all this is really about our lives today.
Actually, my work seems to me the work from a secular point of view and, in general, I am more interested to see how he responds to ordinary people the scientific community. That said, scientific and bioethical writers often ask me for permission to use images of some of my creatures in their texts.
(...) I think if my work affects people is because it raises questions about fundamental aspects of our existence, our artificiality, our animals, our responsibility for our creations, our children and our environment-and these issues should be easy to answer, but are not. I love it when people argue about what the job is that when they begin to analyze issues from many points of view. I love to see how a person moves from an initial attitude of disgust the strangeness of my creations to an attitude of understanding and sympathy. I love when people realize that all this is really about our lives today.
4. Some recent experiments in genetic engineering have been the starting point as Prottein Latice pieces, inspired by a mouse with an ear created in a lab, or Game Boys Advanced, which brings to mind the sheep Dolly, sacrificed with few years of life because of problems of premature aging. The Embrace, one of the sculptures in the series Nature's Little Helpers, is your self-portrait with a child glued to the face in an attitude that seems more attack than protection, which is what was created. Somehow makes me think of what could happen to the human species by the rapid advance of biotechnology and the lack of ethical boundaries.
(...) Oddly enough, I believe in 'progress', which to me means the world we live my children will be better than it was when I was born. My work is equally about the importance and the dangers of progress. I never fit right against him, but against what is assumed it is. (I do not think plasma TVs will be progress, for example.) If biotechnology could cure cancer or AIDS, that would be progress and would be good. If that were to cure only a small part of the developed world, I'm not so sure. We focus too much on the 'what', leaving aside the 'who' and 'how'.
(...) I think for now it should be obvious that I am not "anti-technology", and I am against those who seek to develop new technologies. My mother died of cancer and I still hope forward to news of a possible cure. I just feel respect and admiration for the motives of the researchers whose work brings new medicines to the world. However, I also recognize that the world just as the human body, is much more complex than we like to believe. The results of scientific advances in the real world can be very different depending on the reasons that led to the investigation. That does not mean we should stop seeking a cure for cancer or technological solutions to environmental problems.
means we should better understand the contexts in which priests placed such and such technologies. We can not
censor scientists at companies that have the property of their research they decide to do with them, but we can blame the companies.
(...) I think for now it should be obvious that I am not "anti-technology", and I am against those who seek to develop new technologies. My mother died of cancer and I still hope forward to news of a possible cure. I just feel respect and admiration for the motives of the researchers whose work brings new medicines to the world. However, I also recognize that the world just as the human body, is much more complex than we like to believe. The results of scientific advances in the real world can be very different depending on the reasons that led to the investigation. That does not mean we should stop seeking a cure for cancer or technological solutions to environmental problems.
means we should better understand the contexts in which priests placed such and such technologies. We can not
censor scientists at companies that have the property of their research they decide to do with them, but we can blame the companies.
5. Your painting and university education for some years made numerous anatomical drawings. The drawing is a fundamental part of your workflow: your first ideas are translated into sketches and then materialize in other media with the indispensable help of many partners. In your last series, the drawings are no longer part of the preparatory work to become autonomous and its own entity. Why this change? You see them more ability to communicate? By the way, could you briefly explain how your work process? Have you compared to write and direct a film ...
always start with ideas and drawings, and then find the middle which I think is best for them.
evidence, using drawings to develop ideas as to communicate them to the people who produce the works. Do not contemplate these drawings as art. I've always liked working with patterns, and have recently redrawn by a couple of reasons. In a very practical level, is something that could work independently and in spare time between breast feedings of my first child. However, my real reason begins with the desire to make a series of works that focus on the relationships between some of my children and toddlers. The act of drawing involves an intimacy and delicacy that reflects the tenderness of these meetings. These drawings are less sophisticated and spectacular than other ways of presenting these figures, and his warmth and domesticity are consistent with the fragility of these beings and their relationships.
always start with ideas and drawings, and then find the middle which I think is best for them.
evidence, using drawings to develop ideas as to communicate them to the people who produce the works. Do not contemplate these drawings as art. I've always liked working with patterns, and have recently redrawn by a couple of reasons. In a very practical level, is something that could work independently and in spare time between breast feedings of my first child. However, my real reason begins with the desire to make a series of works that focus on the relationships between some of my children and toddlers. The act of drawing involves an intimacy and delicacy that reflects the tenderness of these meetings. These drawings are less sophisticated and spectacular than other ways of presenting these figures, and his warmth and domesticity are consistent with the fragility of these beings and their relationships.
6. hyperrealism You've served for many of your works. At present there certain hyper sculptors whose work generates great enthusiasm and expectation, and even gives rise to lines of visitors waiting patiently to see their impressive works. Are not you afraid that your work may fall into a gimmicky show close to a theme park and that the message is distorted?
course, that possibility worries me, I think probably anyone concerned about the sculptors to which you refer. At bottom, I use various means depending on how you think certain idea or image could be expressed better.
course, that possibility worries me, I think probably anyone concerned about the sculptors to which you refer. At bottom, I use various means depending on how you think certain idea or image could be expressed better.
extraordinary job working with partners in many fields, sculpture, photography, drawing, video ... - but, for some reason, seem to be the technical characteristics of figurative sculpture in silicone the most distracting the attention of viewers. I am the first to recognize the importance of their exceptional detail and quality have on the success of the pieces, but that's not what interests me most. At bottom, however, I think most people, beyond the production process, look at the ideas, and if they do not, then I think they're missing the essence of the work.
7. And, finally, wanted to let you know that I read recently in a scientific text that uncontrolled genetic manipulation can be more dangerous than the radioactivity. The speed of these developments make us feel helpless. What is your vision for the future? What world would you like to have future generations?
Pegunta This is a very serious! I would not want people to think that my work predict the future. In fact, I think my work is about the present. I use what is happening around me as a backdrop for stories about ourselves and our relationships with other beings and the world. I do not make statements about how it will or how the world should be.
back to the beginning of your question, I think we could argue that the "uncontrolled genetic manipulation" is the basic requirement for evolution. We have always lived in a world in which there is an uncontrolled genetic change, that's how we got here.
Pegunta This is a very serious! I would not want people to think that my work predict the future. In fact, I think my work is about the present. I use what is happening around me as a backdrop for stories about ourselves and our relationships with other beings and the world. I do not make statements about how it will or how the world should be.
back to the beginning of your question, I think we could argue that the "uncontrolled genetic manipulation" is the basic requirement for evolution. We have always lived in a world in which there is an uncontrolled genetic change, that's how we got here.
The real change in recent years is the rise of what we like to think that genetic engineering is "controlled." I find it hard to believe that 'the market', by itself, make a better world for everyone and all animals. I hope our children and grandchildren will be smarter and kinder than us and they will find a way of life in the world who are positive for both. The only thing I am sure of is that the world will change, and will in a way that will not be able to predict or fully control.
NOTE: Nobody knows for sure the consequences of the genetic revolution we are living. Ethical problems arise when human beings are allowed at the whim of creating a living will.
Rabbits " pets with human intelligence? Certainly
under positive criteria genetic engineering is effective, but important questions remain unanswered: Does the nature react against these changes?, "Genetic modification will to the human race itself?, Do we still human?
Blade Runner, Ridley Scott, 1982 presents a grim future where technology reigns genetics: human and animal biorganicamente manufactured ... as one character puts it, "are more perfect than the original"
Papers on artificial ecosystems
