Thinkpad T60 Audio Device

34. Ultraviolet light-rays that kill


THE LIGHT THAT BREAKS THE CHAIN \u200b\u200bOF DNA

Increasingly which point to this system of deep water sanitation

All life processes that occur on our planet have the original source of solar energy reaching Earth's surface. Directly or indirectly all organisms depend on this type of energy.

The Sun is the main source of light in our world. Our star in the radiation projected total of 5% of ultraviolet rays

Our natural satellite, the moon, like a mirror reflects a fraction of these

ultraviolet light from the sun composed of 40% of visible light, 55% of IR (infrared) and 5% of UV (ultraviolet).

Thus, the electromagnetic spectrum consists of different wavelengths within which the visible spectrum is intimately related to the process of photosynthesis performed by plants and serve as first trophic level to the complex networks that depend all living form.

Our planet is continuously exposed to different kinds of rays. The ozone layer and our atmosphere protects us from much of this radiation from outer space

ultraviolet radiations are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These are manifested in three bands or frequencies: UV-A (400-315 nm), UV-B (315-280 nm) and U-VC (280-100 nm).

As can be seen in this graph are 3 types of radiation. Reach the earth's crust to 95% of UV-A, 5% of UV-B and absolutely nothing UV-C. The ozone layer absorbs a significant portion of these rays ... No dangerous ozone layer UV-C produced the death of all living organisms!

Unlike the visible spectrum and infrared, ultraviolet light can alter the properties of living matter exposed to its rays.

Fortunately, the ozone layer surrounding our world in a protective bubble shield effect, preventing the entry of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelength (UV-C) which destroys the DNA in your photo induction.

The destructive effect of ultraviolet is applied to germicidal methods

DIFFER IN WHAT THE UV-A, UV-B and UV-C?

Chart which shows the arrival of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared.

Chart on the wavelength of the light spectrum

UV-A (long wave) radiation is just below the violet portion of the visible spectrum and consists of those waves between the 315 and 400 nm . The UV-A radiation is invisible to the naked eye and is the least destructive.

UV-B (medium wave) radiation is waves comprising between 280 and 315 nm . This type of radiation is biologically destructive and direct exposure in humans can cause damage and skin burns.

UV-C (short wave) radiation is an umbrella waves between 100 and 280 nm . This type of radiation is not found naturally and is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, but it can be manufactured artificially. For example, the arc that occurs in an electric welder produces UV-C. It is also produced by UV lamps that are manufactured to medical sterilization, domestic and aquariums.

STERILIZATION WHAT IS UV?

The germicidal effect is concentrated precisely in the 254 nm within the ultraviolet type C

is a very simple microscopic organisms to eliminate undesirable air and water. Aquarium ecosystem is recreated as a preventive and effective application to kill microorganisms in suspension (floating) from the tank such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses, algae and any other pathogen.

Sample

germicidal sterilization before connecting to the liquid in the tank circuit, with the lamp on

This is done by direct exposure of these organisms with a source of UV-C light (280-100 nm). This UV-C radiation has the ability to affect cell function and alter its nuclear material or DNA. The result is that the organism dies.

Photon UV-C destroying a microscopic alga

UV-C light acts directly on the DNA chain of living beings is

scientifically proven that UV-C light causes more effective in the destruction of DNA is calibrated just 254 nm. We note that there are differences by experts in choosing this wavelength destructive, as it also defends the figure of 265 nm as the point of maximum germicidal effect. APPLYING

in terrariums UV LIGHT AND AQUARIUMS

A terrarium lamps lit with ultraviolet B (UV-B)

There is widespread confusion regarding the use of light ultraviolet. We clarified that in terrariums apply UV-B light (280-315 nm) as a source light, as certain reptiles and amphibians is vital and beneficial. This type of exposure occurs in nature, especially in open ecosystems (deserts and oceans).

Picture taken by the ISS to observe the ultraviolet effect on our world. Can be seen that is more active in areas of the tropics and Ecuador, home to many species of reptiles and amphibians that are kept in terrariums

Examples

most common terrarium animals

The only benefit of ultraviolet rays in living beings takes place with UV-B: make vitamin D3. For humans a 15-minute exposure is more than enough. In reptiles and some amphibians lack this exposure produces fluorescent metabolic bone diseases. Lamps are marketed specifically designed for these animals with the proper spectrum they need.

Chart sheet on use of UV-B in terrariums

Instead aquarium applied UV-C light (280-100 nm) as a preventive method that enhances the filtering of water. His focuses useful as a germicide, in equipment and closed opaque to the eye, through which water moves in its circuit returning to the tank (after passing through the filter media). For this reason, killed those organisms that pass through the irradiation of light, inside the device. This allows the beneficial bacteria in the aquarium will not die, they continue to exist both in the filter, as in the substrate, crystals, rocks, stones and other elements of the tank.

aquarium system that hides germicidal ultraviolet lamp type C

Many critics of the germicidal system mistaken claim that has no real effect. The reason is that the procedure later applied to a problem, once the aquarium has been infected by disease or invasion of algae.

AQUARIUM MICROORGANISMS

In nature, our species live in large areas in the aquatic environment such as rivers, lakes, oceans or seas. In the aquarium, as a means stagnant, the situation is different in that it focuses more on water pollution by accumulation of organic waste (nutrients), which multiplies the microscopic life in extreme amounts per cm ³. They are usually bacteria and fungi that live on the bottom or floating in the water.

In nature there are concentrated many microorganisms per cm ³ and in aquariums. For this reason, many experts say that a UV-C germicidal effect parameters precisely about the reality

In nature it is difficult to produce such a concentration of microorganisms, thereby avoiding the fish achieve with their immune defenses. But in the aquarium, the fish are continually subjected to attack, so many end up weak and sick (must be added factors such as food, water quality, stress, etc.).

On the other hand, new acquisitions (Fish and plants) that are added to the ecosystem of the aquarium, can carry parasites or other microorganisms that may become pests if the new medium found the optimal conditions to breed and multiply.

precisely the new aquarium guests can carry pathogens

The way to imitate nature with a low growth of microorganisms in our tanks, is precisely fitted by using a light sterilizer ultraviolet. This method of UV-C irradiation is allied with no competition in eliminating bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae and parasites. The best thing is that no side effects as with chemical disinfectants or immune resistance of these pathogens to antibiotics.

germicidal sanitizing This method has great advantages:

1. not alter the pH or chemical structure of water

2. not in any way affect the fish or plants

3. Nor does it affect the colonies of bacteria or algae found in the filters, substrates or aquarium walls

4. only organisms that pass through the sterilizer are eliminated

MOST UV-C germicidal effect

To be effective germicidal effect should apply at the very beginning of life aquarium, once we have matured tank water or when we have perfectly balanced ecosystem (just when you least expect the acquisition of UV-C system, because we forget that a tank should be kept in perfect condition and proactively).

Its effect is infallible when:

1. The water is clear and transparent
2. UV-C lamp is new (they have expiration by type. Lifetime approx. 3 years).
3. radiation must penetrate within 2 cm of water and should keep in contact with the light for a little over a second
4. In the application of medicines or remedies we use them, it can inhibit its effectiveness
5. We must be aware that a UV filter is not effective when a problem has manifested itself in the aquarium. For example, if the white spot disease has appeared before installing the germicide, it will do nothing because the parasite is already installed in the fish
6. is a widespread error to think that it is not suitable for a reef aquarium, since it tends to assert mistakenly kills zooxantellas living in symbiosis with corals and other beneficial organisms that float inside the tank. This would be true if the exposure of UV-C light had been done in an intention (bathing in its rays across the tank), and not within its socket opaque. Beneficial microorganisms adhere to the substrate, glass aquarium, filter materials ... and form a bio film to attach to these areas as colonies work together to become more efficient.

UV-C WHAT ARE THE MOST APPROPRIATE?

depends on the manufacturer and quality of life of a lamp. The performance of a UV-C lamp also depends on the environment in which it is used (air or water), transparency and temperature.

As a general rule should be replaced when they reach 60% efficiency. Medium pressure lamps are lasting about Effective 1000 hours and there are other low-pressure lamps can last 9,000 hours effective. For example, Phillips Osram branded lamps extended under 100w, last about 8,000 hours.

Always looking for better performance, is desirable that the lamp used in an aquarium is at least 25w forward

In general ranks, algae need a dose of 22,000 microwat-sec / cm2, a dose very similar to that required for the elimination of many bacteria. However, in order to cover a wider number of agencies, we recommend a dose of 50,000 microwat-sec/cm2, it is much most appropriate.

HOW LONG RUN THE FILTER UV-C?

This is a difficult issue. Here are the different reasoned opinions to this question.

Under the idea of \u200b\u200bsome experts, it is always best to leave the lamp in operation 24 hours a day (always). This favors its role to be effective, because all the water in the tank passes several times a day (depending on content) from germicidal irradiation. This continuous application is recommended especially in large tanks.

In aquariums with a great capacity liters were advised to always leave germicidal filter, whereas in smaller tanks do not need

Others, however, advised to work with a timmer (timer) at selected times (some take advantage of the timmer that controls photoperiod on and off the light in the aquarium). And not so much that we end up with microbes indiscriminately hostile or beneficial nitrifying bacteria, but that living in this sterile environment, such as fish, they end up not developing their own defenses and may be severely affected by passing without disinfection system or with the arrival of another infected individual.

UV-C LED LIGHT: THE TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION UV

ultraviolet light type LED UV-C (254 nm or 265 nm) to current date is becoming a reality, but are hard to find in a private capacity Many companies

sterilizers manufactured using high-performance germicidal lamps. These systems rely on lamps that produce ultraviolet range defined between the 254 and 265 nanometers. The problem with these lights is that the light standard is impossible to determine, at a point right on their wavelength, as they lose effectiveness over time and their own chemical spectrum makes it difficult to maintain.

But this not the case with LEDs. The light from the diodes is accurate calibration and units can be found right in the 254 nm and at 265 nm (most effective to break the chains of DNA from microorganisms).

Not all LEDs are actually called ultraviolet radiation. Indeed the most common are those diodes that are far below the 400 nm, so that its wavelength is so long that the violet light spectrum really

Another advantage is that LED light is perfectly focused its beam opening several options, the most comprehensive 140 º (24 º standard is sufficient for the inside of a tube where water moves in circuit).

On the other hand, the LED light is long lasting, thus, would not need to change it until after about 10 years ago. We must also add its low power consumption.

UV-C LEDs from just 254 nm

Although LEDs are 254 nm and 265 nm, now used in medicine and are not accessible to the general public . It is possible that some company soon discover all these advantages and ventures to manufacture devices with this technology. Anyway, it would be easy to apply a UV-C LEDs in an aquarium.

BioUV 265 nm LED

An interesting example and effectively meets the LED has advantages of the Korean company Seoul: BioUV 265 nm.

A scheme developed by us which shows an example of UV-C LED applied in the aquarium. His presentation is effective germicidal putting him up in his elbow and illuminating a straight pipe to radiate bodies moving in suspension in the water circuit

The problem now is that this type of lighting is not usually sold to individuals by be a product almost exclusively for medical use. Nor is economic now. It is possible that given the high danger of these wavelengths for our eyes, not mass market, it must be especially careful handling and in no case should be handled on as they cause irreversible blindness.

THE DANGER OF EYE
UV

People living in areas of high light exposure can suffer terrible conditions at the hearing by the UV-B. The UV-C cause irreversible blindness, so we always have great caution in handling these lamps

open exposure to UV and their relationship to show that eye damage wavelength are more harmful to the human eye. It is considered that photokeratitis or burn caused by light is a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet rays. This injury is common in people heavily exposed to radiation or reflection in desert areas and higher in snowy regions.

workers who work in open space three times the risk for bait in the cornea, and have much higher risk of forming-protein deposits in the form of drop-in the cornea.

The presence of a certain type of cataract has also been associated with UV exposure.

All UV lamps should carry a warning of danger. We must never expose to direct sunlight

currently are developing interesting experiments with lenses and yellow lenses that open a new dimension of protection against damage produced by ultraviolet (recall that are UV-B that found in nature and UV-C produced artificially that can cause this damage).

surfaces illuminated with UV-B provide a fluorescent color effect

NOTE: This treatment germicidal sanitizing is the final stage of filtration in our ecosystems artificially maintained. Although many critics of the ultraviolet, their use is increasingly widespread, even in other household functions such as sterilization of drinking water, toilets, rooms ...

manual germicidal UV lamp to sanitize household linen

Applied artificially maintained in our ecosystems can be very useful. As explained in this chapter, in nature there is no concentration of microorganisms such as in our tanks. Sterilizing water within the filtering process is kept at bay all those microscopic creatures that can fatally disrupt our tanks.

.

offer a link to an article of the WEB training elacuarista.com , formulas and specific data on the aquarium ultraviolet light (useful for our complete in-depth article.) Its author is Marcelo Gnoato expert and head of the firm Krill has investigated the UV-C germicidal under experimentation.

Ultraviolet light is part of the balance of our world. If you disappear ozone layer shields us, UV-C fatally affect all living creatures on the planet, including humans

artificial ecosystem Notebooks